Post 
Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging,
Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos
('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)
Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat,
Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,
by D. A. Satriadi
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4. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The Present Perfect Continuous Tense terdapat unsur-unsur dari formasi perfect (have / has) dan continuous ( V1 + ing ) dengan kata been di antara keduanya.
Tenses ini digunakan biasanya untuk menyatakan proses kegiatan dilakukan di waktu yang lalu hinga sekarang masih berlanjut. Hal ini berbeda dengan The Present Perfect Tense yang lebih menekankan pada hasil atau akibat.
Pola
Kalimat:
(+) S + have/has + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(-) S + have/has + not + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
(?) Have/has + S + been + V1 + ing + O/Adv.
Penggunaan kata bantu (have / has) terhadap subyeknya dan contracted forms dapat Anda lihat penjelasannya pada The Present Perfect Tense.
Fungsi dan Contoh:
i. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense digunakan untuk membicarakan
kegiatan (tindakan yang cukup lama) yang telah dimulai di waktu lampau
dan belum lama selesai atau baru saja berhenti.
- You’re out of breath. Have you been running?
- That man over there is bright red. I think he’s been sunbathing.
- Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
- I’ve been talking to Tom and he thinks ….
- There is foodstuff in the kitchen. I’m sure someone has been going shopping.
- Dad: I don’t want to go outside. It’s wet on the grasses.
- Mom: I see. Well, how long has
the rain been falling down anyway?
ii. menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang sudah berlangsung sampai saat
dibicarakan dan masih akan berlanjut terus.
- I have been waiting for Dodo since ten.
- My baby has been sleeping for seven hours.
- How long have you been learning English.
- George hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
- She has been living in the same house since she was born.
- The speaker has been talking for over two hours.
- What has he been doing since eight o’clock? He has been working in the Johnsons’ living room.
- Robert is fixing his car. He has been fixing it since 9:00 this morning.
- She’s been working here since
April. (= from April until now )
iii. menyatakan kebiasaan yang terjadi akhir-akhir ini.
- You have been smoking, heh!
- He has been drinking whiskey nowadays.
- How long has Mike been playing chess?
- I’ve been collecting stamps
since I was a child.
iv. menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang belum lama terjadi.
- The children have been flying kites all afternoon.
- She has been reading novels all day today.
- DAVID: Dad, I’m tired. We’ve been painting since eight o’clock this morning, and my arm is aching.
- Now it’s 11 oclock. How long
have the Johnsons been busy? David has been studying since nine-thirty.
Ann has been telephoning since ten to eleven. Mike has been painting
the chair since ten-thirty. And Alice has been standing in the line
since a quarter to eleven.
v. menyatakan tindakan yang tidak putus-putus atau henti-hentinya.
- I’ve been knocking. I don’t think anybody’s in.
- I’ve been writing letters since breakfast.
- We’ve been painting all weekend!
- Ann has been writing letters all day.
- It’s been raining since I got up this morning.
- We’ve been having a lot of rain lately.
- She has been waiting to see you since
two o’clock (and is still waiting).
- The baby has been crying all morning.
EXERCISES
I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah
A, B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda
silang.)
1. All day long I … been waiting for the telegram.
A. am B. was C. has D. had E.have
2. She has been watering the flowers … an hour.
A. in B. for C. since D. at E. on
3. He has been working for the same company … 25 years.
A. for B. since C. in D. on E. at
4. She has been teaching English for 20 years.
A. What has she been teaching for 20 years?
B. Why has she been teaching English for 20 years?
C. Who has she been teaching English for 20 years?
D. How long has she been teaching English?
E. Where has she been teaching English for 20 years?
5. They have been studying math since they were six.
A. Who have been studying math?
B. What have they been studying since they were six?
C. How long have they been studying math?
D. Where have they been studying math?
E. Why have they been studying math?
6. Arrange the following words in a good and correct sentence! ( no. 6 – 8 )
been/teaching/since/they/have/1970/chemistry
A. They been have teaching chemistry since 1970.
B. They have teaching been chemistry since 1970.
C. They have been teaching chemistry since 1970.
D. They have been chemistry teaching since 1970.
E. They have been since 1970 teaching chemistry.
7. Waiting/the bus/Susan/been/for/how long/has/?
A. How long has Susan waiting for been the bus?
B. How long has Susan for been waiting the bus?
C. How long has Susan waiting the bus for been?
D. How long has Susan been waiting for the bus?
E. How long has been Susan waiting for the bus?
8. been / the poem / has / who / writing / ? / since / morning / this
A. Who has writing been the poem since this morning?
B. Who has writing the poem been since this morning?
C. Who has been writing the poem since this morning?
D. Who has been writing the poem this morning since?
E. Who has been writing this morning since the poem?
9. … have you been waiting for me? (2 hours)
A. Where B. What C. How long D. Who E. How
10. … has she been watching? ( TV )
A. What B. Who C. Where D. When E. How
11. We have been … here for three months.
A. to live B. live C. lived D. lives E. living
12. They … working here for six months. They like it.
A. have been B. been C. has D. was E. has been
13. He has … English for three years.
A. been studying B. studies C. study D. studying E. has been studying
14. … has been snowing.
A. I B. You C. We D. They E. It
15. The negative form of “Andrie and Riky have been playing football for their country”.
A. Andrie and Riky have been not playing football for their country.
B. Andrie and Riky not have been playing football for their country.
C. They have been playing not football for their country.
D. They not have been playing football for their country.
E. Andrie and Riky have not been playing for their country.
II. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence
with the present perfect continuous (I have been doing). (Dalam latihan
ini Anda harus membaca situasinya, kemudian tulis kalimat dengan the
present continuous (I have been doing).
Example: Tom is out of breath. ( he / run)
He has been running.
1. Ann is very tired. ( she / work / hard )
…………………………………………..
2. Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. ( Bob and Bill / fight )
…………………………………………..
3. George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. ( he / lie / in the sun )
…………………………………………..
4. Janet is hot and tired. ( she / play / tennis )
…………………………………………..
5. Aga is sleeping. (he / watch / Naruto cartoon film)
…………………………………………..
III. In this exercise you have to put in since atau for. (Dalam latihan ini
Anda harus memasukkan since atau for.)
1. Tom and I have been talking …………… an hour.
2. It’s been raining …………… I got up this morning.
3. Have you been learning English …………… a long time?
4. Mary has been working in London …………… 18 January.
5. I’ve been watching television …………… 2 o’clock.
IV. This time you have to ask a guestion for each situation. (Sekarang
Anda harus membuat pertanyaan dari setiap pernyataan.)
Example: Your friend’s hands are covered in oil. (you / work / on the car?)
Have you been working on the car?
1. You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery. (you / cry?)
………………………………………….
2. You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you / wait / long?)
………………………………………….
3. Your friend comes in. His face and hands are dirty. (what / you / do?)
………………………………………….
4. Mrs. Mashud is in the kitchen. She is cutting cabbage and cauliflower. (she / cook /
dinner?)
………………………………………….
5. The Koran is in Dea’s hands. Her father is sitting with the legs crossed next to her.
(she / read / the Koran?)
………………………………………….
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press,
third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six printing, New
York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book Company,
revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students,
P.T. Dian Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company Inc., a new
revised edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc., New York,
1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta,
2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV, PT. Gramedia
Jakarta, Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan Pariwara, edisi
kedua, Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc, Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca Exact, Bandung,
1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net
Tentang Penulis
Banyak
selebaran, flash card, ringkasan, buku kecil maupun buku-buku lainnya
yang memuat tatabahasa Bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan tenses sebatas
pada uraian singkat, bahkan mungkin tanpa penjelasan apalagi
fungsi-fungsi, contoh-contoh dan evaluasinya. Oleh karena itu, tak
pelak lagi tulisan Living English Tenses ini merupakan salah satu
sumber referensi lengkap bagi mereka yang ingin menguasai dan
memperdalam keenam belas tenses Bahasa Inggris. Penulis yang berlatar
belakang dari SMA Negeri 1 Depok (1988) Jurusan Bahasa dan Budaya (A4)
dan IKIP Bandung (sekarang UPI Bandung) Jurusan Bahasa Inggris (1991)
menuangkan materi-materinya berdasarkan pengalaman-pengalaman menelaah
dan belajar-mengajar sebagai praktisi Bahasa Inggris di beberapa
sekolah baik SLTP, SLTA atau perguruan tinggi maupun lembaga-lembaga
informal kebahasaan.
Sementara pengalaman yang pernah dipetiknya sewaktu di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan “Setia Negara” yaitu Lokakarya Pemantapan Kurikulum 1994 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (14-15 Januari 1995), Pusdiklat LPIA, Zero Defect Quality (9-12 Juni 2003) merupakan hal yang sangat membantu alur penulisan naskah yang mudah dipahami bagi pembacanya. Contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan juga cukup praktis yang merupakan petikan pengalaman karya komunikatif semasa masih sebagai Visa Section Staff, Embassy of Japan at Jakarta (1994-1995), Personnel & General Affairs Staff, Nissho Iwai Corporation in Jakarta Office (1995-2000), SMK Izzata, Wakasek Kesiswaan & Kurikulum, School Administration and Management, (2004-2007), dan Student Apprentice CoordinatorPractical English Course, English Instructor and Branch Manager/Vice Head of Depok Division (2005-2006).
Sementara pengalaman yang pernah dipetiknya sewaktu di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan “Setia Negara” yaitu Lokakarya Pemantapan Kurikulum 1994 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (14-15 Januari 1995), Pusdiklat LPIA, Zero Defect Quality (9-12 Juni 2003) merupakan hal yang sangat membantu alur penulisan naskah yang mudah dipahami bagi pembacanya. Contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan juga cukup praktis yang merupakan petikan pengalaman karya komunikatif semasa masih sebagai Visa Section Staff, Embassy of Japan at Jakarta (1994-1995), Personnel & General Affairs Staff, Nissho Iwai Corporation in Jakarta Office (1995-2000), SMK Izzata, Wakasek Kesiswaan & Kurikulum, School Administration and Management, (2004-2007), dan Student Apprentice CoordinatorPractical English Course, English Instructor and Branch Manager/Vice Head of Depok Division (2005-2006).
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lembaga
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Instittute
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rekan-rekannya yang menangani pendidikan dan pelatihan Bahasa Inggris
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