Post 
Tempat Pemesanan Pakaian Terlengkap & Termurah Celana Legging,
Hotpants, Sontok, Kolor, Aladin) Panjang / Pendek dan Kaos
('Tersanjung', Singlet, Batik)
Cipayung, Depok, Jawa Barat,
Indonesia, Kode Pos 16437,
by D. A. Satriadi
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jumpai pada tulisan ini?
Daftar Isi - Pendahuluan-untuk pelajar - Pegangan Guru - Ucapan terima kasih - Some Parts Of A Sentence - Eight Simple Sentence Patterns - Sixteen ( 16) Tenses of the verb - The Simple Present Tense - Exercises (= latihan) - The Present Continuous Tense - Exercises - The Present Perfect Tense - Exercises - The Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Exercises - The Simple Past Tense - Exercises
- The Past Continuous
Tense - Exercises - The Past Perfect Tense -
Exercises - The Past
Perfect Continuous Tense - Exercises - The
Simple Future Tense
- Exercises - The Future
Continuous Tense - Exercises - The
Future Perfect Tense - Exercises - The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- Exercises - The Past Future Tense -
Exercises - The Past Future
Continuous Tense - Exercises - The
Past
Future Perfect Tense - Exercises - The Past Future Perfect Continuous
Tense - Exercises - Appendix 1 Verb Tenses
Chart - Appendix 2 Graphic
Comparison - Appendix 3 List of
Irregular Verbs - Appendix 4
Verbs that cannot usually be used in Continuous or Progressive Forms
-
References
3. The Present Perfect Tense
The Present Perfect Tense secara umum dapat Anda gunakan bila Anda telah rampung melakukan sesuatu sehingga terdapat hasil dari kegiatan tadi. Begitu juga bila Anda ingin mengungkapkan peristwa yang telah sempurna terjadi dan terasa hasil dan akibatnya. Dalam tenses ini terdapat kata keterangan already (= sesuatu terjadi lebih cepat dari dugaan semula), just (= baru saja), yet / already (= sudah), since (= sejak / semenjak), for (= selama) yang acapkali terdapat kalimat ini.
Kata bantu have digunakan untuk subyek: I, you, we, they atau bersubyek kata benda jamak. Sedangkan has untuk subyek: he, she, it atau bersubyek kata benda tunggal.
Bentuk contracted (= penyingkatan ) I have = I’ve, you have = you’ve, we have = we’ve, they have = they’ve, he has = he’s, she has = she’s, it has = it’s atau have not = haven’t, has not = hasn’t sering kita temukan di dalam kalimat.
Pola
Kalimat:
(+) S + have/has + V3 + O/Adv.
(-) S + have/has + not +V3 + O/Adv.
(?) Have/ Has + S + V3 + O/Adv.
Fungsi
dan
Contoh:
i. The Present Perfect Tense untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang telah / belum
sempurna dilakukan pada saat diucapkan, tanpa menyebutkan waktu
kejadiannya.
- She has cleaned has floor.
- I’ve heard John married to Jane.
- You haven’t done your homework yet.
- Have we met her before?
- MR. LEWIS: Ladies and
gentlemen, Mr. Marcos is going to answer your He always
has a lot of interesting information for sports writers.
you ever played in Iceland?
MR. MARCOS: I’ve been there several times, but I’ve never played soccer
there.
MS. JONES: Have you ever thought of starting a new soccer club?
MR. MARCOS: No, I haven’t. I’ve never wanted to do that.
MS. HANNA: You’ve been to many countries with your team. Have you ever
been to China?
MR. MARCOS: Yes, I have. I went there last year.
MS. HANNA: Did you enjoy it?
MR. MARCOS: Yes, I did. I enjoyed it very much.
MR. AHMAD: Have you ever heard of our community’s new soccer club?
You my find some good players there.
MR. MARCOS: Yes, I have. In fact, I watched them practice last week.
MR. AHMAD: Have they found a new coach?
MR. MARCOS: Yes, they have. He’s a good coach, too. I’ve know him for
many years.
MR. RICARDS: Have you ever broken an arm or leg in competition?
MR. MARCOS: No, I never have. However, I’ve had a few other injuries.
MS. MIKUYU: Mr. Marcos, you’ve been a member of the national soccer
team for many years. Have you ever wanted to try a new job?
MR. MARCOS: No, I haven’t because I’ve always really enjoyed my work.
ii. memberikan informasi baru atau mengumumkan peristiwa yang
baru saja terjadi.
- I’ve lost my key. Can you help my look for it.
- Do you know about Jim? He’s gone to Canada.
- Ouch! I’ve burnt my self. They have made up their mind to stay here much longer.
- LUIS: Have you seen Yuri
this week, Charlie?
LUIS: What’s wrong? Has he been sick?
CHARLIE: Yes, he’s had the flu.
LUIS: Has he gone to the doctor?
CHARLIE: No, he hasn’t gone to the doctor, and he hasn’t taken any
medicine. He’s getting better, I think.
LUIS: Well, I’m glad. We really need him for the team. He’s already broken
two records in competition this year! He’s really a fast swimmer.
iii. menyatakan perbuatan yang belum atau belum pernah dilakukan
selama sesuatu periode atau hingga sekarang.
- I have never smoked.
- I haven’t smoked for three years.
- I haven’t smoked since September.
- He hasn’t been here for two years.
- Jill hasn’t written to me for nearly a month.
- Jill has never driven a car.
- Riri has never heard that music.
- I’ve ever left a restaurant without paying the bill.
- Have you ever ridden a camel?
- Have you (ever) read ‘David Copperfield‘?
- Have you ever lost a new hat?
- Has Nurhayati ever gone to school late?
- Has your partner ever made
mistake?
EXERCISES
I. Choose A, B, C, D, or E as the best answer by crossing (X) it. (Pililah
A, B, C, D, atau E jawaban yang paling benar dengan memberi tanda
silang.)
1. They (are) in the classroom since three hours ago.
A. They are in the classroom since three hours ago.
B. They were in the classroom since three hours ago.
C. They has been in the classroom since three ago.
D. They have been in the classroom since three hours ago.
E. They had been in the classroom since three hours ago.
2. Tom has had lunch since three minutes ago.
A. Who has had lunch since three minutes ago?
B. When has he had lunch?
C. Where has he had lunch since three minutes ago?
D. What has he had since three minutes ago?
E. How has he had lunch since three minutes ago?
3. How long … Thomas?
A. you know C. have you know E. have you knew
B. has you know D. you known
4. She … already put her magazine in the drawer?
A. is B. was C. will D. can E. has
5. They … just told me about study tour.
A. have B. are C. were D. may E. would
6. Where have you …?
A. were B. go C. been D. be E. are
7. We have worked here … 1979.
A. ever B. since C. for D. ago E. in
8. I have been in my office … twenty minutes.
A. before B. always C. since D. for E. ever
9. I have known these people … a long time.
A. before B. since C. for D. ever E. at
10. Carlos hasn’t gone to the restaurant…
A. just B. yet C. almost D. never E. already
11. Where’s Linda? She’s…to the restauarant.
A. gone B. went C. be D. been E. have lived
12. The johns…to Australia already.
A. has gone B. have worked C. has lived D. have gone E. have lived
13. Manager…the tax already.
A. has pay B. have paid C. has celebrated D. have done E. has paid
14. My family…just…to other city.
A. has-moved B. have-talked C. has-lived D. has-tried E. has-known
15. Has she seen music show?
A. Yes, she has. C. No, she has. E. Yes, he has.
B. Yes, she hasn’t. D. No, she doesn’t.
16. Have you played volley ball around the beach? No, ……..
A. I haven’t played it there. C. I didn’t play it there. E. You haven’t played
B. I have played it there. D. I played it there. it there.
17. …Gerry already…coffe in the cafeteria?
A. Has-drunk B. Drunk-has C. Have-drunk D. Has-drank E. Has-drinked
18. My sister has already worked for this company….twenty years.
A. on B. in C. for D. at E. since
19. He in the worst student she…ever… .
A. has-have B. have-had C. has-had D. is-had E. was-have
20. Who has already written a poem?
A. John is B. John has C. John does D. John did E. John was
II. You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you
both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put
the verb into the correct form. (Anda sedang menulis surat untuk
seorang teman dan memberikan kabar orang-orang yang Anda
berdua kenal. Gunakan kata-kata yang diberikan dan masukkan
bentuk kata kerja yang tepat.)
Example:
Phil/find a new job
Phil has found a new job.
1. Charles/go/Brazil
…………………………………………..
2. Jack and Jill/decide/to get married
…………………………………………..
3. Suzanne/have/a baby
…………………………………………..
4. Monica/give up/smoking
…………………………………………..
5. George/pass/his driving test
…………………………………………..
III. Use the correct form of the verb. (Gunakan bentuk kata kerja yang tepat.)
1. I’ve …….. (take) the bus to school every day this week.
2. Have you……. (have) the flu yet?
3. Luis has…….. (do) his homework.
4. She has……. (be) sick, but she hasn’t taken any medicine.
5. Luis has just……. (break) a record.
IV. Complete the sentences. Use for or since. (Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat.
Gunakan for atau since.)
1. I’ve lived in this town………March.
2. My friends have lived here……….many years.
3. The exhibition has been open…..…nine o’clock.
4. Paul hasn’t called me….…….last week.
5. The students have studied Spanish…………two years.
V. Make the following sentences according to the given mark! (Buat
kalimat-kalimat berikut ini sesuai dengan tanda yang diberikan.)
Example:
Tom has called me several times. (-)
Tom hasn’t called me several times.
1. All the students have discussed the problem. (?)
………………………………………………………
2. My brother has just paid the radio tax. (-)
………………………………………………………
3. Everyone has heard the news before. (?)
4. He has withdrawn his money from the bank . (-)
………………………………………………………
5. We have seen her standing under the tree.
………………………………………………………
6. The old man has just stopped smoking. (?)
………………………………………………………
7. They have taken part in the game. (-)
………………………………………………………
8. The breeder has just fed his cattle. (?)
………………………………………………………
9. The woman has lived in this city since 1977. (?)
………………………………………………………
10. Mrs. Hasan has been here for ten years. (-)
………………………………………………………
1. Thomson, A.J., & Martinet, A.V., A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press,
third edition, Oxford, 1990
2. Murphy, Raymond, English Grammar In Use, Cambridge University Press, six printing, New
York, 1988
3. Hornby, AS, Guide To Patterns And Usage In English, second edition, Oxford, 1975
4. Wishon, E., George, & Burks, M., Julia, Let’s Write English, American Book Company,
revised edition, New York, 1988
5. English Alfa Books 1, 2, 3 and 4, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1980
6. Allen, W. Stannard, Living English Structure – A Practice Book For Foregin Students,
P.T. Dian Rakyat – Longmans, second Dian Rakjat Impression, Djakarta, 1970
7. Dixson, Robeert J., Graded Exercises In English, Regents Publishing Company Inc., a new
revised edition, USA., 1971
8. Taylor, Grant, Mastering American English, McGraw – Hill Book Company, Inc., New York,
1956
9. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Inggris-Indonesia, PT. Gramedia Jakarta, Jakarta,
2000
10. John M. Echols, Hassan Shadily, Kamus Indonesia-Inggris Cetakan XXIV, PT. Gramedia
Jakarta, Jakarta, 1990
11. Saefudin, A., Bunga Rampai EBTANAS Bahasa Inggris SMA, PT.Intan Pariwara, edisi
kedua, Klaten, 1988
12. Simanjuntak, Herpinus, Bahasa Inggris Sistem 52 M Jilid 1, Kesaint Blanc, Jakarta, 1989
13. Sudrajat, M.T., & Besari, Ismail, Pembahasan Metoda 2000 Soal Bahasa Inggris,
Penerbit M2S, Bandung, 1985
14. Wardiman, Artono, Drs., Buku Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris SMA I, II, III, Ganeca Exact, Bandung,
1988
15. http://www.englishclub.com/reading/proverbs-meaning.htm
16. http://www.tolearnenglish.com
17. http://www.iei.uiuc.edu/structure/Structure1/fieldadjs.html
18. http://www.englishbaby.com
19. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar
20. http://www.esl-library.com
21. www.english-portal.net
Tentang Penulis
Banyak
selebaran, flash card, ringkasan, buku kecil maupun buku-buku lainnya
yang memuat tatabahasa Bahasa Inggris yang menjelaskan tenses sebatas
pada uraian singkat, bahkan mungkin tanpa penjelasan apalagi
fungsi-fungsi, contoh-contoh dan evaluasinya. Oleh karena itu, tak
pelak lagi tulisan Living English Tenses ini merupakan salah satu
sumber referensi lengkap bagi mereka yang ingin menguasai dan
memperdalam keenam belas tenses Bahasa Inggris. Penulis yang berlatar
belakang dari SMA Negeri 1 Depok (1988) Jurusan Bahasa dan Budaya (A4)
dan IKIP Bandung (sekarang UPI Bandung) Jurusan Bahasa Inggris (1991)
menuangkan materi-materinya berdasarkan pengalaman-pengalaman menelaah
dan belajar-mengajar sebagai praktisi Bahasa Inggris di beberapa
sekolah baik SLTP, SLTA atau perguruan tinggi maupun lembaga-lembaga
informal kebahasaan.
Sementara pengalaman yang pernah
dipetiknya sewaktu di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan “Setia Negara” yaitu
Lokakarya Pemantapan Kurikulum 1994 Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (14-15
Januari 1995), Pusdiklat LPIA, Zero Defect Quality (9-12 Juni 2003)
merupakan hal yang sangat membantu alur penulisan naskah yang mudah
dipahami bagi pembacanya. Contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan juga
cukup praktis yang merupakan petikan pengalaman karya komunikatif
semasa masih sebagai Visa Section Staff, Embassy of Japan at Jakarta
(1994-1995), Personnel & General Affairs Staff, Nissho Iwai
Corporation in Jakarta Office (1995-2000), SMK Izzata, Wakasek
Kesiswaan & Kurikulum, School Administration and Management,
(2004-2007), dan Student Apprentice CoordinatorPractical English
Course, English Instructor and Branch Manager/Vice Head of Depok
Division (2005-2006).
Saat
ini
penulis
aktif
sebagai
pimpinan
manajemen
di
lembaga
International
English
Instittute
(IEI) for everyone beserta
rekan-rekannya yang menangani pendidikan dan pelatihan Bahasa Inggris
secara komunikatif bagi para pesertanya, di samping juga melayani
permintaan penerjemahan teks atau buku berbahasa Ingris dari kliennya
dan mengajar di salah satu SMU suasta di Jakarta.
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